3 In fact, the EPA and DHA blood levels of North Americans (those in Canada and the United States) rank “very low” among countries. Despite the importance of these ω-3 FAs, worldwide consumption is low. Humans have a limited capacity to synthesize these essential ω-3 FAs from precursor FA α-linolenic acid (ALA 18:3, n-3), 2 and thus must obtain these fats from the diet. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5, n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6, n-3), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) of the omega-3 (ω-3) FA family, exhibit vital biological roles as components of phospholipid cell membranes and have been reported 1 to be critical for cardiovascular and neurologic development and health.
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